The period from 1501 to 1800 saw a rapid advance in techniques of fortification in Europe. Main article: Polygonal fort Model of city with polygonal fortifications Throughout the 18th century the " Second Hundred Years' War", an umbrella term which includes the Nine Years' War, Seven Years' War, War of the Spanish Succession, War of the Austrian Succession, American War of Independence (American Revolutionary War), French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars of the late 18th to early 19th centuries which mark the end of this era.In Asia, the Persia–Portugal war, Nader's Campaigns, the Mughal conquests, the Anglo-Mysore Wars, the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598), and China's Transition from Ming to Qing followed by the Ten Great Campaigns.In the Horn of Africa, the Adal's conquest of Ethiopia and the involving of the Ottomans, Mamluks and the Portuguese.The Russo-Turkish Wars, Ottoman–Habsburg wars, and other Ottoman wars in Europe.The European wars of religion between the 1520s and the 1640s (including the Thirty Years' War, the Eighty Years' War and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms) and, the Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659), the Northern Wars, Polish–Swedish wars and Russo-Swedish Wars.This entire period is contained within the Age of Sail, which characteristic dominated the era's naval tactics, including the use of gunpowder in naval artillery.Īll of the Great Powers of Europe and the Islamic gunpowder empires were actively fighting numerous wars throughout this period, grouped in rough geographical and chronological terms as: It is associated with the start of the widespread use of gunpowder and the development of suitable weapons to use the explosive, including artillery and firearms for this reason the era is also referred to as the age of gunpowder warfare (a concept introduced by Michael Roberts in the 1950s). Early modern warfare is the era of warfare following medieval warfare.
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